Relationship between PGE and PGM in the Bushveld Complex
Cawthorn et al., 2002;Arndt et al., 2005), with the pyroxenitic Merensky Reef accounting for much of the PGE production (e.g. Cousins, 1966;Lee, 1996; Cawthorn et al., 2002). Also closely ...
Манай cawthorn Bushveld цогцолбор
R. G. Cawthorn | Semantic Scholar
Cyclicity in the Main and Upper Zones of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa: Crystallization from a Zoned Magma Sheet. C. Tegner R. G. Cawthorn F. Kruger. Geology. 1 November 2006. The major element composition of plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, and magnetite, and whole-rock Sr/Sr data are presented for the uppermost 2.1 km …
Connectivity between the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld …
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00227-4 Corpus ID: 129647586; Connectivity between the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld Complex @article{Cawthorn1998ConnectivityBT, title={Connectivity between the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld Complex}, author={R. Grant Cawthorn and Susan Jane Webb}, …
The Platinum Group Element Deposits of the Bushveld …
By R. Grant Cawthorn School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; E-mmail: [email protected] There are enough platinum group element deposits in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa to supply world demands for many decades or even a century using current mining techniques.
(PDF) The Platinum Group Element Deposits of …
There are not many economically viable PGE deposits, the largest being found in South Africa (Bushveld Igneous Complex that accounts for about three-quarters of the World's Pt supply) (Cawthorn ...
Emplacement and Crystallization Time for the …
The Bushveld Complex, South Africa. R. G. Cawthorn. Geology. 2015. The mafic rocks of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, were emplaced into a stable cratonic …
Emplacement and Crystallization Time for the …
CAWTHORN AND WALRAVEN BUSHVELD COMPLEX CRYSTALLIZATION TIME Fig. 2. Generalized stratigraphy of the Eastern and Western limbs, showing appearance of cumulus minerals and their compositions. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (R o) for whole-rock …
Cr and Sr: Keys to parental magmas and processes in the Bushveld …
Geology of the Bushveld Complex. The geology and stratigraphy of the Bushveld Complex have been summarized many times (Wager and Brown, 1968, Eales et al., 1993a, Eales and Cawthorn, 1996; and references therein). A very short summary is sufficient for this investigation. The geology and stratigraphy are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
Rare earth element abundances in apatite in the Bushveld …
The concentrations of the rare earth elements (REEs) in apatite from a 600-m-thick sequence toward the top of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, have previously been published; they show two ranges of compositions in a lower section and an upper section. The data were interpreted in terms of liquid immiscibility.
Emplacement and Crystallization Time for the Bushveld …
General geology of the Bushveld Complex, compiled from numerous sources summarized by Eales & Cawthorn (1996). The Marginal Zone ranges in thickness from 0 to (in one extreme case) 800 m, consists of medium-grained norite and pyroxenite, and shows abundant evidence of crustal assimilation (xenoliths of metasedimentary rock and high …
Connectivity between the western and eastern limbs of …
play more differences than similarities (Eales & Cawthorn, 1996). The similarities between the eastern and western limbs are remarkable and, until 1959, it was assumed that these two bodies were once, and possibly still are, physically connected at depth underneath the Bushveld Granites and younger sedi mentary rocks (Hall, 1932).
Mercury in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, and …
Simplified geological map of the Bushveld Complex, showing the sample localities (UZ samples from Bellevue, MZ samples from Moordkopje, Lower and Marginal …
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PGE AND PGM IN THE BUSHVELD …
R. Grant Cawthorn § 1. Department of Geology, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits, 2050, South Africa ... are summarized for all the mines exploiting the Merensky Reef on both western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld Complex, in South Africa. Grades for the mined reef interval are uniform over 100 km of strike length, at 5–7 …
Journal of African Earth Sciences
The Bushveld Complex lies within the north-eastern portion of South Africa (Fig. 1) and occurs near the middle of the Kaapvaal Craton (Cawthorn et al., 2002b; Clarke et al., 2009). It is the world's largest layered mafic intrusion and is part of the Paleo-proterozoic Bushveld Igneous Province (Walraven et al.,1990), and
Geometry of the Bushveld Complex from 3D potential field modelling
The latter forms the roof to the Bushveld Complex in this area (Cawthorn et al., 2006). A series of basement inliers occurs in the eastern lobe, mostly between the Steelpoort and Wonderkop Faults (Fig. 1). The Dennilton Dome comprises a core of Archaean gneisses, felsites, and some greenstone remnants, flanked to the south by …
The Platinum Group Element Deposits of the Bushveld …
By R. Grant Cawthorn There are enough platinum group element deposits in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa to supply world School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; demands for many decades or even a century using E-mmail: [email protected] current mining …
KM 754e-205
By R. Grant Cawthorn School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; ... the Bushveld Complex in South Africa to supply world
Mercury in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, and the …
The 2.06 Ga Bushveld Complex is the largest layered mafic intrusion in the world, covering over 65 000 km 2 in area. It ranges in thickness from about 7 to 9 km and is divided into the eastern, the western (including the far western), the northern (including the Villa Nora area) and the hidden southern limb (Fig. 1, Eales and Cawthorn, 1996).The …
Thermal evolution of Bushveld Complex (South Africa) and …
The cooling history of the Bushveld Complex, which has been evaluated through a combination of thermal modeling, paleomagnetism, and geochronology, remains a fundamental issue (e.g. Cawthorn ...
The role of intercumulus residua in the formation of …
The UG2 chromitite in the Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex is underlain by pyroxenite, the uppermost 50 cm of which is a pegmatoidal pyroxenite. Overlying it is an olivine pyroxenite. Concentrations of K2O, Ba, Zr and P2O5 show no enrichment in pegmatoid relative to over‐ and underlying silicate rocks. Whole rock Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratios …
Merensky-type platinum deposits and a reappraisal of …
Cawthorn, R. G. Geological interpretations from the PGE distribution in the Bushveld Merensky and UG2 chromitite reefs. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 111, 67 ...
Cr and Sr: Keys to parental magmas and processes in …
The Bushveld Complex is dominated by orthopyroxene- and plagioclase-bearing rocks, and so here I use the concentration of Cr and Sr in these cumulus phases …
Connectivity between the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld …
The similarities between the eastern and western limbs are remarkable, and until 1959 it was assumed that these two bodies were physically connected at depth underneath the Bushveld Granite and younger sedimentary rocks in the centre of the complex (Hall, 1932). However, as a result of a regional gravity interpretation, it was …
Platinum-group element mineralization in the …
The RLS has been dated to 2055.91±0.26 Ma (Zeh et al., 2015) and is a series of mafic-ultramafic units, capped by the Bushveld Granites (Cawthorn, 1999; Eales and Cawthorn, 1996). The RLS is ...
Experimental study on the effects of H2O upon …
Mafic–ultramafic layered rocks of the Lower and Critical Zones of the Bushveld Complex are believed to have formed from a parental magma usually labelled B1 with SiO2 content at 55 wt.%, MgO at about 12 wt.% and Cr2O3 concentration at 0.15 wt.%. Previous experimental study at 300 MPa and nominally dry conditions showed that this …
The Bushveld Complex | Request PDF
Request PDF | On Jan 1, 2006, R.G. Cawthorn and others published The Bushveld Complex | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate
The Bushveld Complex | Request PDF
One of the most remarkable features of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa (Fig. 1a) the largest basaltic intrusive complex in Earth's crust (Eales and Cawthorn, …
The Bushveld Complex | Semantic Scholar
The Bushveld Complex. H. Eales, R. G. Cawthorn. Published 1996. Geology. Developments in Petrology. View via Publisher. Save to Library. Create Alert. Cite. 479 …
The platinum and palladium resources of the …
The Bushveld Complex in South Africa holds approximately 75% of the world's Pt resources and 50% of its Pd resources, with these precious metals being predominantly found in the Merensky, UG2, and ...
Origin of Anorthosite and Magnetitite Layers in the Bushveld …
Mineral compositions show that fractionation was unidirectional to the extreme top of the Bushveld Complex (Eales & Cawthorn, 1996; Ashwal et al., 2005; Tegner et al., 2006). We focus on samples from a borehole (BV-1 in Fig. 1) drilled through the upper 2·8 km of the intrusion in the northern lobe.